[1] ????????????????????????? 1999????40??

[2] Thomas W. Merrill, Henry E. Smith, The Property/Contract Interface?101 Colum. L. Rev. 773?796-797(2001); Thomas W. Merrill, Henry E. Smith, Optimal Standardization in the Law of Property: The Numerus Clausus Principle, 110 Yale L.J. 1,9-24 (2000).

[3] ??????????????????????? ?2002??1???35-36??

[4] ??????????? ?????????1998????94??

[5] J.H. Reichman, Legal Hybrids Between the Patent and Copyright Paradigms, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 2432, 2454 (1994).

[6] Bruce P. Keller, Condemned to Repeat the Past: The Reemergence of Misappropriation and Other Common Law Theories of Protection for Intellectual Property, 11 Harv. J. Law & Tec 401, 427 (1998).

[7] ??“Misappropriation Doctrine”????????International News Serv. v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918)?Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991)? NBA v. Motorola, Inc., 105 F.3d 841 (1997)?????????????????????????????????????????????Dennis S. Karjala , Misappropriation As A Third Intellectual Property Paradigm, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 2594 (1994)?Bruce P. Keller, ??6??403?????????Maya Alexandri, The International News Quasi-Property Paradigm and Trademark Incontestability: A Call for Rewriting the Lanham Act , 13 Harv. J. Law & Tec 303 (2000)?William Patry, The Enumerated Powers Doctrine and Intellectual Property: An Imminent Constitutional Collision, 67 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 359, (1999)??

[8] W. R. Cornish, Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyright, Trade Marks and Allied Rights, Sweet & Maxwell, 1999, p.14.

[9] ??????????????????????????? 2001??? ?31-32?? ??? ?????????????????????????????????? 1999??6???25-33??

[10] W. R. Cornish, ??8??14??

[11] Marybeth Peters, Statement Before the House Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property on H.R. 2652 105th Congress, 1st Session, Oct. 23, 1997, http://www.house.gov/judiciary/41112.htm? ??H.R. Rep. No. 105-525, at 9 (1998) ????????????????????????????????????????William Patry ???7??396??

[12]?????9??28??

[13] William Patry???7??396??

[14] ??? ??9??25-33; ?????????????????????????????? ???????????6??1998?11???95-106; ??????????????????????? ???????????8??1999????279-311???????????????????????????????????????12??2002?3???70-85??

[15] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3??????? 1995????347?????????????????????????????? 2002????64??

[16] ??????????????????????1990??3??

[17] ?????9??31?????????????????????????????? http://www.civillaw.com.cn/weizhang/default.asp?id=9956 ?2004?10?8?????

[18]?????????????????? ???????????1996??1??

[19] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?18? ?2? ?152??

[20] ??????????1996??1????????????????????????????15??333-348????????????????????????????????1996??6???85-90???

[21] ????????????????????????????? 1998??5?? ?5??

[22]???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? 1996?? ?659-660?; ??????????????????????????1997??????66??????????????????????????????????? ??????????2?????????? 1998????262??

[23]??????????????????????????1999???????182?????????????????????????

[24]????????????????????????????????????2001???????69?????????????????????????? 2002 ??????? 6906 ???

[25]??2001??????????????????????????????????????5??

[26] ??? ???????????? ????????????????????????? 2001?? ?68-73??????????????????????????????????????????? ?158-172???????????????——????????????149-157???

[27] “?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”???????????—????????????????????2003??4???11??

[28] ????????2001?????13????????????5??

[29] ??????27??11??

[30] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2001????287-294???????????????????‘???’?????????? 2001??5???25-27?????????????????????????????????????????

[31] ?? ????????????????????????? ???? ????????? 2002??? ?506?????????????????????????????????1995??2?? ???? ?????????????????????? 1998??6?? ?40-41??

[32] ???????????????????????1995???????54?????????????????????????????? 1998??? ?265-270??

[33]??????32??267??

[34]??????32??274??

[35]????????????????????????????? 1996????659-660??

[36] ????2001????????63??http://www.chinalawedu.com/news/2004_4/20/1140061577.htm ?2004?10?8?????????“??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”

[37]??????????????????????????????????1994???????556??

[38]??????1993??????????

[39] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????37?

[40]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

[41]???????????????? ???1999??????57??

[42] ???????2001??????????

[43]??????????????????????????????????????2000?????

[44] ????????????????????????????????????2000??1???28??

[45]?????????????????????????????????2002?????? ????? ????????????????????????????<????????????????????????>?????????? 2002?12??

[46] ???????2001?????17???13??

[47] ??????????????1989?????1092???????1995??????18???????????????????????????????????????????????????

[48] ???????????????????Personality Theory??????????????????????????????????????Justin Hughes?The Philosophy of Intellectual Property: Intellectual Property, Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas, Edited by Adam D. Moore, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1997, pp. 108-109????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

[49] John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, China Social Sciences Publication House, 1999, p.287-290?

[50] ??????????·????Robert Filmer?????????????????????????Peter Drahos, A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Dartmouth Pub. Co. Ltd. 1996, pp.41-42.

[51] Peter Drahos???50??43-44; ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Justin Hughes, ??48??114; ??????A. Samuel Oddi? TRIPS - Natural Rights and a "Polite Form of Economic Imperialism" ?29 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 415 , 428 (1996)?Steven Cherensky, A Penny for Their Thoughts: Employee-Inventors, Preinvention Assignment Agreements, Property, and Personhood, 81 Calif. L. Rev. 595, 634(1993).

[52]??Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, China Social Sciences Publication House, 1999, p.175.

[53]??Wendy Gordon, On Owning Information: Intellectual Property and the Restitutionary Impulse, 78 Va. L. Rev. 149, (1992) P.167?“????????????????????????????????????????????”???????????????????????2000??3???95-107,105??

[54] H. Spenser, Social Statics 68 (rev. ed. 1896).???Linda J. Lacey, Of Bread and Roses and Copyrights, 1989 Duke L.J. 1532, 1539(1989).

[55] Edwin C. Hettinger, Justifying Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property, Moral, Legal, and International Dilemmas, Edited by Adam D. Moore, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1997, pp.17-38; Justin Hughes, ??48??107-178??

[56] Frank I. Michelman, Property, Utility and Fairness: Comments on the Ethical Foundations of "Just Compensation" Law, 80 Harv. L. Rev. 1165, 1208-1213 (1967).

[57] ?? David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, China Social Sciences Publication House, 1999, pp.484-501( Book III, Part.II, Sect. II).

[58] ??·???Jeremy Bentham?? ??????? The Theory of Legislation???????? ??????????? 2004????138-140??

[59] William F. Patry, Copyright and Practice Vol .1 The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. 1994 p.136.

[60] Ronald V. Bettic Copyright Culture, the Political Economy of Intellectual Property Westview Press 1996, p.33.

[61] Ronald V. Bettic , ??60??25??

[62] Donald S. Chisum, Michael A. Jacobs, Understanding Intellectual Property Law, Matthew Bender, 1995 §1C 1-7.

[63] ???????????Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc., 489 U.S.141, 151 (1989)???????“????????????????????????????”

[64] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co., 467 U.S. 986, 1002-03 (1984)???????Second Treatise?????????“??”???????Wendy J. Gordon, A Property Right in Self-Expression: Equality and Individualism in the Natural Law of Intellectual Property. 102 Yale L.J. 1533?1540?1993?

[65] ?????????????????????????????????????22??660?; ??????????????????????????32??????????????????36?????????????????????????18??????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????????????????????????????????????……??????????” ??? ??15??346??

[66]??? ??15??347??

[67] ??65?????

[68]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1997??? ?5?23-24?????????????????????????????????????????????????“??????????????????????????????????????????????” ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????? 1999????VII???????????????????????????????????????????????????1995??3???44-49??

[69] ????????????????????????????1979????????????????????????????????????????????6??1979???????????????????????6??????????????????????????????? 2003?? ?37-38?????????????????????????2003????21??

[70] J. W. Harris, Property and Justice, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996, pp.191-197.

[71] ?? 1960??????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??68??321-324??

[72]?????????????????????????????????????????????????Lois & Actes du Government (1790-91)???A. Samuel Oddi???51??421??

[73] ???????1983??????????????????????????“?????????????????????????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????1983???59???2??

[74] ?????????????????1983?8?2???????????????????????????????????????????——?????????????????????????????1983???64???1-18??

[75] ????? ??69??82-97??

[76] ?????????????1984???????????“?????????????……????????????? ????????????????……” ?????????????????????????????????? 1993????33??

[77]?????????????????????????68?

[78] Wheaton v. Peters, 33 U.S. (8 Pet.) 590 (1834)????Paul Goldstein, Copyright, Aspen Law & Business, 1999, p.1:35.

[79] H.R. Rep. No. 2222, 60^th Cong. , 2d Sess. 7. (1909) ???Paul Goldstein, ??78??1:36??

[80] ????????????????????????????????2002??9???37-38??

[81] ?????????????????“???——??????????”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????http://www.blogchina.com/idea/call/?

[82] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2002?????????????30?????????????

[83] Justin Hughes, ??48??141-152??

[84] ?????????????????????????????????????????6?????????????????????????

[85] ??Peter Jazsi, Toward a Theory of Copyright: The Metamorphoses of “ Authorship”, 1991 Duke L. J. 455 (1991).

[86] ??????????????????????????1996??2???????????????????????????????????????1998??1???27-36??28??????????:????????????????????1997??3???242??

[87]?????????86??51????????86??33??

[88] Charles R. McManis, Unfair Trade Practices, West Publishing Co., 1991, p.9.

[89] Douglas G. Baird, Common Law Intellectual Property and the Legacy of International News Service v. Associated Press, 50 U. Chi. L. Rev. 411, 416(1983) .

[90] Gary Myers, The Restatement's Rejection of the Misappropriation Tort: A Victory for the Public Domain? 47 S.C. L. Rev. 673, 684(1996).

[91] Gary Myers???90??684???????Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition (1993)? section 38 cmt. b??????????Douglas G. Baird, ??89?? 413??

[92] Douglas G. Baird, ??89??414??

[93] Charles R. McManis, ??88 ?9??

[94] ??Maya Alexandri???7?? 335-336?William Patry ???7??P382 ?Douglas G. Baird, ??89??414??

[95] ???:??????????? ?????? 2004??1? ?110?????????????, ??86??51????????86??27-36??

[96] Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 344 (1991).

[97] William Patry ???7??381 ??????????????????????????William M. Landes & Richard A. Posner, An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law, 18 J. Legal Stud. 325, 327-329 (1989) ?

[98] Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 350 (1991).

[99] William Patry???7??367???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“????”?????????????????

[100] Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340, 348-349(1991).

[101]?????????????????????????????????22??262??

[102] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????2002? ?????90-110??

[103]???????????????????????Lawrence Lessig, The Path of Cyberlaw, 104 Yale L.J. 1743 (1994)?Jane C. Ginsburg, Putting Cars on the "Information Superhighway": Authors, Exploiters, and Copyright in Cyberspace, 95 Colum. L. Rev. 1466 (1995).

[104] 1996??????WIPO???????WIPO Database Treaty??????????WIPO?Recommendation Concerning Databases? Dec. 20, 1996?http://www.wipo.int/documents/en/diplconf/distrib/100dc.htm ?2004?10?11?????

[105]?????????????????????? 2004????15-16??

[106] ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??30 ??287-294??

[107] ??????????????????????????????32????????????????????????36???

[108]??Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. 489 U.S. 141 (1989).

[109] Douglas G. Baird, ??89??425??

[110] William Patry ???7??383??

[111] Lloyd L. Weinreb?Copyright For Functional Expression?111 Harv. L. Rev. 1253, 1181(1998).

[112] ?????????“????????????????????????????????????????????”???????????????????41??????????????“????????????????????????????????????????”??????????????????????????????1999??????159???

[113] Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. 489 U.S. 141, 147(1989).

[114]???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1998????70-73; ??????????????????? 2003????80-81??105-107??

[115] ?????????WIPO??????WCT???????????????????????????????????????2001??2???10??

[116] ???????????‘?’????——?????????????????????????? http://article.chinalawinfo.com/article/user/article_display.asp?ArticleID=2793??2004?8?7??????????????????????

[117] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1999??11???14??

[118] ?????????????“????”???????????????????????????????????????????

[119]????????????????????????????????37?

[120] ??????1993?????38???1???

[121] ????????????????? 1998????321??

[122] ????????????2001????????????????

[123] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

[124] Monica Y. Youn , Case Note: Neither Intellectual nor Property National Basketball Ass'n v. Motorola, Inc., 107 Yale L.J. 267, 272, (1997)?Dennis S. Karjala , ??7??2606??

[125] Miguel Deutch?Unfair Competition And The "Misappropriation Doctrine" -- A Renewed Analysis 48 St. Louis L.J. 503, 524(2004).

[126] ????????????EU Directive on Legal Protection of Databases??????????????????????102??93-94??

[127]?????????????????????18??????????????????????????????????22??262??

[128] David Lange, Recognizing the Public Domain, 44 Law & Contemporary Problems 147, 147-148(1981 ).

[129] Gary Myers???90??695??

[130] Gary Myers, ??90??688??

[131] R. Carl Moy, Statutory Subject Matter And Hybrid Claiming?17 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277, 278 (1998).

[132] J.H. Reichman, Jonathan A. Franklin, Privately Legislated Intellectual Property Rights: Reconciling Freedom of Contract with Public Good Uses of Information, 147 U. Pa. L. Rev. 875, 892-893 (1999); Gary Myers???90??692???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co. 376 US 225(1964); Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc 376 US 234(1964); Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. 489 U.S. 141, (1989)???????????

[133]??Douglas G. Baird, ??89??414??

[134]????????????????????????????????????????9??31-32??

[135]?2000?12??????????????????????????????23??????????????????????????2001?10??????2002?12???????????????????????27?????????????????????????????

[136] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??30 ??287-294??

[137]????????????????????????????22??660???????????????(??36)?????????????????????????32????????????????????????????????????????????????

[138] Wendy Gordon???8?????????????????Wendy Gordon, ??53??222-266??????ASHIR??ASHIR Import, Manufacture and Dissemination v. Forum Ltd., 52(4) P.D. 289??????????????????Miguel Deutch???????????????????????????????????????? Miguel Deutch???125??530??

[139] Lloyd L. Weinreb???111??1181??

[140] Wendy Gordon, ??53??280-281??

[141] Miguel Deutch???125??523??

[142] ?????????????10????1?2?? ???????????????2??????????????TRIPs????????????????????????????????? ??14??278??

[143] ???????????????2?????????????????TRIPS??3??

[144] ??????????????????????????????????????1999??????4???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2002??5???349-367??

[145]??TRIPS?10??????????2??

[146]??????????????????????????????1996?06???41??

[147]????????????? ??????????1997??1?????????? ??21??3??

[148] ??22???

[149] ??TRIPS?27.1??

[150] ?????????????????????Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63 (1972)?????????????????Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, (1972)?????????????Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. 464 U.S. 417, (1984)?????????

[151] ????????53??95-107? ???????????????????????????????????1996??1???59-71,62? ???????????????——??<????>???????????????1997??1???10??

[152] ?????????????????? 1996????38????????????????????????????????????Jeremy Waldron? From Authors To Copiers: Individual Rights and Social Values in Intellectual Property, 68 Chi.-Kent. L. Rev. 842 P.851?1993?.

[153] ???????????????????????????????????????????????

[154]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Wendy Gordon, ??53??192??

[155] Lloyd L. Weinreb, ??111??1219??

[156] Edwin C. Hettinger, ??55??22??

[157] Michel Foucault, What is an Author? in Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism 141 (J. Harari ed., 1979),at 159???R. Riley, Recovering Collectivity: Group Rights to Intellectual Property in Indigenous Communities, 18 Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 175, 183 ( 2000).

[158] ??William Patry, ??7??388??Stephen Breyer, The Uneasy Case for Copyright: A Study of Copyright in Books, Photocopies, and Computer